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Author(s):
Demosthenes G Katritsis
Added:
3 years ago
Since the identification of the hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide channel 4 (HNC4), a major constituent of the pacemaker current (If) in the sinoatrial node, as a modulator of heart rate,1 several genetic causes of sinus bradycardia by means of mutations in ion channel encoding genes have been described. They may result in isolated sick sinus sydrome or other arrhythmia and…
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Author(s):
Richard Sutton
Added:
3 years ago
Syncope in a patient with a pacemaker commands urgent action to ascertain its cause and provide appropriate treatment. This is a well accepted statement but the field has evolved in recent years and, strangely, has received little attention.
Many considerations bear on this issue. First, syncope in pacemaker patients is not common but may be more so than generally considered. The lack of…
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Author(s):
Moinuddin Choudhury
,
Mark R Boyett
,
Gwilym M Morris
Added:
3 years ago
The sinoatrial or sinus node (SAN) is the heart’s natural pacemaker. Located in the superior right atrium, it automatically produces cyclical electrical activity to initiate each heartbeat in normal sinus rhythm. SAN dysfunction (SND) in humans, also known as ‘sick sinus syndrome’, can manifest as pathological bradycardia and asystolic pauses. As a result, SND can lead to symptoms of reduced…
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Author(s):
Gareth DK Matthews
,
Andrew Grace
Added:
3 years ago
The use of adenosine in cardiology is ubiquitous. From arrhythmia to coronary intervention to cardiac imaging, adenosine is an essential part of everyday practice because of its widespread effects on electrophysiology and the coronary vasculature. Electrophysiologists will be most familiar with adenosine for its use in terminating supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) that are dependent on the…
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Author(s):
Carlo Pappone
,
Vincenzo Santinelli
Added:
3 years ago
Historical Precedents
Brugada syndrome (BrS) was first described more than 25 years ago as a clinical entity in people resuscitated from sudden cardiac death due to documented VF.1 The original 1992 case series described eight patients without apparent structural heart disease who all had VF associated with persistent coved ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads.1 In 1996 this…
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Author(s):
Mark E Josephson
Added:
3 years ago
In patients with syncope or episodes of palpitations and heart disease, an electrophysiology study (EPS) may be of value by means of potential induction of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.1,2 Programmed ventricular stimulation may be useful in the context of risk stratification of ischaemic patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30–40 %, and there has been some evidence…
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Author(s):
Giulio Conte
,
Maria Luce Caputo
,
François Regoli
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
General understanding of early repolarisation (ER) has dramatically changed in the last decade. For several years, ER has been considered a benign electrocardiographic (ECG) finding with high prevalence in the general population. Recently different studies have challenged this view and showed a significant association with life-threatening arrhythmias.1–5
In 2008 Haïssaguerre et al. first…
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Added:
6 years ago
Author(s):
George D Katritsis
,
Demosthenes G Katritsis
Added:
3 years ago
Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes
Cardiovascular-related sudden death is the leading cause of mortality in athletes during sport.1,2 The incidence of sports-related sudden death of any cause in the general population is 0.5-1.7 per 100,000 persons per year.3 This is higher in professional athletes, with a reported incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as 1/43,770 participants per year in the…
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Author(s):
Mark Young Lee
,
Srinath Chilakamarri Yeshwant
,
Sreedivya Chava
,
et al
Added:
3 years ago
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular heart disease in industrialised countries with a prevalence of about 5 % in the general population aged greater than 75 years. During the past decade, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a valuable, minimally invasive treatment option for patients presenting with symptomatic severe AS, who due to their advanced age and…
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